Theatre of the Absurd Essay Example

Theatre of the Absurd Essay The Theatre of the Absurd began in the early 1950s.It was influenced by four major events-World War I, World War II, liberalism and epidemics.The two world wars had devastating effects on Europe and the European population as a whole.Europeans questioned their values and beliefs about society and were open to accepting many new ideas, especially those put forward by Freud.These ideas included accepting homosexuality and a post-war Europe. A French writer named Albert Camus originated with the idea of Absurdist theatre and the ideas he came up with represented what life was like for people living in the early 20th century who were affected by war, assassinations and political crisis.Camus play Myth of Sisyphus expressed the absurdity of man and his lifetime of labour and the concerns and uncertainty of the war-conscious Europeans.Camus came up with a philosophy called theCycle of the Absurd.This cycle contained three main points- 1- Life is absurd, and it is useless to find any patter n or irregularity within it. 2- Man must accept life as the absurd and enjoy the absurdity with happiness. 3- Man cannot fight the absurd, but simply accept that his life will never have meaning. Many other major Absurdist theatre productions included the works of Samuel Beckett, Eugene Ionesco and Jean Genet. The father of the theatre of the absurd was Eugene Ionesco.Ionesco was born in Romania and later moved to France with his family.He got this title through his range of whimsical language that he used to describe individual misunderstandings and communication difficulties. Some of Ionescos greatest works include The Great Sopranos, Rhinoceros, and The Lesson.Ionesco was largely influenced by the two world wars and he demonstrated this in his anti-Nazi play Rhinocerosquo

Abortion misc5 essays

Abortion misc5 essays Abortion is defined in the dictionary as, "The expulsion of a foetus (naturally or by medical induction) from the womb before it is able to survive independently (around 28 weeks)." This simply means the foetus is removed by either a natural or medical procedure before the time of the natural birth would have occurred, before the foetus could support its own life. Their are in fact three types of abortion. They are: Voluntary - when the mother decides to have an abortion out of choice, Therapeutic - carried out when the mothers health is in danger and Spontaneous - when the foetus dies during the pregnancy (the same as a miscarriage). The Abortion Act is what is used to determine whether an abortion is justified, it was passed in 1967 and then amended in 1990. Currently it states that: An abortion may be performed legally if two or more doctors certify that: 1. The mental and physical health of the woman, or her existing children, will suffer if the pregnancy continues. 2. The child, if born, would be seriously physically or mentally handicapped. As the 1967 Act, except that the time limit for when an abortion can be carried out was reduced to 24 weeks. This Act means a pregnant woman has the right to an abortion if: 1. Upon keeping the pregnancy, and therefore having the child, the mother and/or any children she already has would be harming their physical or mental well being. 2. The foetus has been shown to have either a physical or mental disability and therefore would be born handicapped. If two doctors both agree that the woman suffers from either of the points, then abortion is a legal option, as long as the pregnancy has not gone more than 24 weeks after conception. A 15 yr. old girl is pregnant and has requested and abortion without her parents knowing and with no intention to do so. The girl would be allowed an abortion even though she is too young (under 16) to give con...

Chemical Properties and Physical Properties

Chemical Properties and Physical Properties When you study matter, youll be expected to understand and distinguish between chemical and physical properties. Physical Properties Basically, physical properties are those which you can observe and measure without changing the chemical identity of your sample. Physical properties are used to describe matter and make observations about it. Examples of physical properties include color, shape, position, volume and boiling point. Physical properties may be subdivided into intensive and extensive properties. An intensive property (e.g., color, density, temperature, melting point) is a bulk property that does not depend on the sample size. An extensive property (e.g., mass, shape, volume)Â  is affected by the amount of matter in a sample. Chemical Properties Chemical properties, on the other hand, reveal themselves only when the sample is changed by a chemical reaction. Examples of chemical properties include flammability, reactivity and toxicity. The Gray Area Between Physical and Chemical Properties Would you consider solubility to be a chemical property or a physical property, given that ionic compounds dissociate into new chemical species when dissolved (e.g., salt in water), while covalent compounds do not (e.g., sugar in water)?

Financial Reporting in the Face of Accounting Scandals Essay

Financial Reporting in the Face of Accounting Scandals - Essay Example The job of financial reporting is to give an overview of the short and long term financial position of a company. This is done by producing the Balance sheet, which provides a picture of the company at a point in time, the Income Statement which gives an account of the business's performance during the year in terms of revenues and expenses, the Cash flow Statement which presents the cash inflows and outflows fro the company divided into operating, investing and financing activities and finally the statement of changes in equity which basically explains the change in a retained earnings of the company during the financial year (Graham 2005). These four statements are aided in understanding by notes to the financial statements which provide additional and in depth information about specific items mentioned in the four statements. Accurate and transparent financial reporting of a company's accounts is significantly important in this age of massive investments. The four statements listed above provide information to the investors in making important investment decisions and to lenders regarding credit decisions (Piotroski 2000). This is done based on the position of the company presented in the financial statements which allows investors to judge whether the company is profitable and whether they would be able to get a significant return on their investments with this company. Creditors similarly can judge the ability of the company to pay off its debt in the future and whether they will be able to receive their money back with the interest payments. These statements are also utilized for assessing the cash flow prospects of the company as well with the same purpose in mind, to benefit investors and creditors. Cash flow projections are very important for decision making as cash inflows and outflows are ultimat ely the most important things in terms of a company's ability to payoff investors and creditors. Without this liquidity, there would be little to payoff with (Kaplan 1995). Furthermore, financial reporting gives information about the ownership of assets of the company and its related liabilities which allows users of the statements to assess what the company holds and how it is performing in general. It is also an indicator of the management's performance during a fiscal year, allowing shareholders to judge whether the current crop of management and the Board of Directors is doing a good job handling their investment (Kaplan 1995). As such, the existing shareholders of the company need financial reporting to assess whether their investments are worthwhile. Prospective investors can utilize them to judge whether the company presents a better investment option compared to others in the industry and in general. The all important tax collections that government authorities perform are b ased on the financial statements of the companies which make them important for the Government (Watts 2003). Even the employees of the company, who are organized in the form of labor unions in many countries, use the financial statements to assess the company's performance and negotiate for compensation and promotion with the management. Financial analysts and those on the

E- Business report (2625words) and Analysis messages(500 words) Essay

E- Business report (2625words) and Analysis messages(500 words) - Essay Example An example of mobile marketing is safaricom which is a company based in Africa where goods and services can be purchased by customers using just a key in their mobile handsets. The focus in E-business is also laid on short messages services, but includes such methods like use of emails amongst other channels. Mobile marketing is an emerging issue in today’s developed and developing economies and as such should be properly addressed as it has a positive impact on e-marketing. Similar to mobile marketing, e-marketing greatly relies on the use of the internet to market and promote goods and services. E-business has made this process of e-marketing easier as it has allowed consumers to access internet activities through their handsets without having to use the traditional desktops and laptops commonly used in the past by individuals. Advancements in e-business have seen a change ‘towards the use and application of mobile phones among organizations and people who wishes to pa ss messages for various purposes and intended audiences. Today, many organizations are adopting me-marketing because they are seeing as an efficient way of marketing their products effectively than the earlier methods they used. However, in spite of e-business being an emerging issue in today’s businesses, using mobile channels is still a challenging issue to those who have not known the dos and don’ts of e-business. Laws and consumer behavior which were witnessed decades ago have drastically changed towards e-business. The mobile marketing forms currently being adopted are direct e-business, modern enabled marketing and traditional media marketing (Pasqua & Elkin, 2013). In e-business, the strongest potential towards service is always inclined towards the messages servicing whereby the voice services always become a commodity. Therefore, I consider e-business to be an effective marketing tool because it is

Supply Chain Management Essay Example for Free

Supply Chain Management Essay All supply chain management shares one common, and central, objective – to satisfy the end customer. All stages in a chain must eventually include consideration of the final customer, no matter how far an individual operation is from the end-customer. Each operation in the chain should be satisfying its own customer, but also making sure that eventually the end-customer is also satisfied. Supply chain objectives Meeting the requirements of end-customers requires the supply chain to achieve appropriate levels of the five operations performance objectives: quality, speed, dependability, flexibility and cost. Quality – the quality of a product or service when it reaches the customer is a function of the quality performance of every operation in the chain that supplied it. Errors in each stage of the chain can multiply in their effect on end-customer service. Speed has two meanings in a supply chain context. The first is how fast customers can be served, an important element in any business’s ability to compete. However, fast customer response can be achieved simply by over-resourcing or over-stocking within the supply chain. Dependability – like speed, one can almost guarantee ‘on-time’ delivery by keeping excessive resources, such as inventory, within the chain. However, dependability of throughput time is a much more desirable aim because it reduces uncertainty within the chain. Flexibility – in a supply chain context is usually taken to mean the chain’s ability to cope with changes and disturbances. Very often this is referred to as supply chain agility. The concept of agility includes previously discussed issues such as focusing on the end-customer and ensuring fast throughput and responsiveness to customer needs. But, in addition, agile supply chains are sufficiently flexible to cope with changes, either in the nature of customer demand or in the supply capabilities of operations within the chain. Cost – in addition to the costs incurred within each operation, the supply chain as a whole incurs additional costs that derive from each operation in a chain doing business with each other. These may include such things as the costs of finding appropriate suppliers, setting up contractual agreements, monitoring supply performance, transporting products between operations, holding inventories, and so on. 5 factors for rating alternative suppliers Short-term ability to supply Range of products or services provided Quality of products or services Responsiveness Dependability of supply Delivery and volume flexibility Total cost of being supplied Ability to supply in the required quantity Long-term ability to supply Potential for innovation Ease of doing business Willingness to share risk Long-term commitment to supply Ability to transfer knowledge as well as products and services Technical capability Operation capability Financial capability Managerial capability Choosing suppliers should involve evaluating the relative importance of all these factors. 6 supply chain relationship business-to-business (B2B) relationships are by far the most common in a supply chain context and include some of the e-procurement exchange networks discussed earlier. Business-to-consumer (B2C) relationships include both ‘bricks and mortar’ retailers and online retailers. Consumer-to-business (C2B) relationships involve consumers posting their needs on the web (sometimes stating the price they are willing to pay), companies then deciding whether to offer. Customer-to-customer (C2C) or peer-to-peer (P2P) relationships include the online exchange and auction services and file sharing services. 7 types of supply chain relationship The very opposite of performing an operation in-house is to purchase goods and services from outside in a ‘pure’ market fashion, often seeking the ‘best’ supplier every time it is necessary to purchase. Each transaction effectively becomes a separate decision. The relationship between buyer and seller, therefore, can be very short-term. Once the goods or services are delivered and payment is made, there may be no further trading between the parties. The advantages of traditional market supplier relationships are usually seen as follows: ââ€"  They maintain competition between alternative suppliers. This promotes a constant drive between suppliers to provide best value. ââ€"  A supplier specializing in a small number of products or services  (or perhaps just one), but supplying them to many customers, can gain natural economies of scale. This enables the supplier to offer the products and services at a lower price than would be obtained if customers per formed the activities themselves on a smaller scale. ââ€"  There is inherent flexibility in outsourced supplies. If demand changes, customers can simply change the number and type of suppliers. This is a far faster and simpler alternative to having to redirect their internal activities. ââ€"  Innovations can be exploited no matter where they originate. Specialist suppliers are more likely to come up with innovative products and services which can be bought in faster and cheaper than would be the case if the company were itself trying to innovate. ââ€"  They help operations to concentrate on their core activities. One business cannot be good at everything. It is sensible therefore to concentrate on the important activities and outsource the rest. There are, however, disadvantages in buying in a totally ‘free market’ manner: ââ€"  There may be supply uncertainties. Once an order has been placed, it is difficult to maintain control over how that order is fulfilled. ââ€"  Choosing who to buy from takes time and effort. Gathering sufficient information and making decisions continually are, in themselves, activities which need to be resourced ââ€"  There are strategic risks in subcontracting activities to other businesses. An over-reliance on outsourcing can ‘hollow out’ the company, leaving it with no internal capabilities which it can exploit in its markets. Short-term relationships may be used on a trial basis when new companies are being considered as more regular suppliers. Also, many purchases which are made by operations are one-off or very irregular. For example, the replacement of all the windows in a company’s office block would typically involve this type of competitive-tendering market relationship. In some public-sector operations, purchasing is still based on short-term contracts. This is mainly because of the need to prove that public money is being spent as judiciously as possible. However, this short-term, price-oriented type of relationship can have a downside in terms of ongoing support and reliability. This may mean that a short-term ‘least-cost’ purchase decision will lead to long-term high cost. Virtual operations An extreme form of outsourcing operational activities is that of the virtual  operation. Virtual operations do relatively little themselves, but rely on a network of suppliers that can provide products and services on demand. A network may be formed for only one project and then disbanded once that project ends. The advantage of virtual operations is their flexibility and the fact that the risks of investing in production facilities are far lower than in a conventional operation. However, without any solid base of resources, a company may find it difficult to hold onto and develop a unique core of technical expertise. The resources used by virtual companies will almost certainly be available to competitors. In effect, the core competence of a virtual operation can only lie in the way it is able to manage its supply network. ‘Partnership’ supply relationships Partnership relationships in supply chains are sometimes seen as a compromise between vertical integration on the one hand (owning the resources which supply you) and pure market relationships on the other (having only a transactional relationship with those who supply you). Although to some extent this is true, partnership relationships are not only a simple mixture of vertical integration and market trading, although they do attempt to achieve some of the closeness and coordination efficiencies of vertical integration, but at the same time attempt to achieve a relationship that has a constant incentive to improve. Partnership relationships are defined as: ‘relatively enduring inter-firm cooperative agreements, involving flows and linkages that use resources and/or governance structures from autonomous organizations, for the joint accomplishment of individual goals linked to the corporate mission of each sponsoring firm’.11 What this means is that suppliers and customer s are expected to cooperate, even to the extent of sharing skills and resources, to achieve joint benefits beyond those they ould have achieved by acting alone. At the heart of the concept of partnership lies the issue of the closeness of the relationship. Partnerships are close relationships, the degree of which is influenced by a number of factors, as follows: ââ€"  Sharing success. An attitude of shared success means that both partners work together in order to increase the total amount of joint benefit they receive, rather than manoeuvring to maximize their own individual contribution. ââ€"  Long-term expectations. Partnership relationships imply relatively long-term commitments, but not  necessarily permanent ones. ââ€"  Multiple points of contact. Communication between partners is not only through formal channels, but may take place between many individuals in both organizations. ââ€"  Joint learning. Partners in a relationship are committed to learn from each other’s experience and perceptions of the other operations in the chain. ââ€"  Few relationships. Although partnership relationships do not necessarily imply single sourcing by customers, they do imply a commitment on the part of both parties to limit the number of customers or suppliers with whom they do business. It is difficult to maintain close relationships with many different trading partners. ââ€"  Joint coordination of activities. Because there are fewer relationships, it becomes possible jointly to coordinate activities such as the flow of materials or service, payment, and so on. ââ€"  Information transparency. An open and efficient information exchange is seen as a key element in partnerships because it helps to build confidence between the partners. ââ€"  Joint problem-solving. Although partnerships do not always run smoothly, jointly approaching problems can increase closeness over time. ââ€"  Trust. This is probably the key element in partnership relationships. In this context, trust means the willingness of one party to relate to the other on the understanding that the relationship will be beneficial to both, even though that cannot be guaranteed. Trust is widely held to be both the key issue in successful partnerships, but also, by far, the most difficult element to develop and maintain. 8 Matching the supply chain with market requirements. The supply chain policies which are seen to be appropriate for functional products and innovative products are termed by Fisher efficient supply chain policies and responsive supply chain policies, respectively. Efficient supply chain policies include keeping inventories low, especially in the downstream parts of the network, so as to maintain fast throughput and reduce the amount of working capital tied up in the inventory. What inventory there is in the network is concentrated mainly in the manufacturing operation, where it can keep utilization high and therefore manufacturing costs low. Information must flow quickly up and down the chain from retail outlets back up to the manufacturer so that schedules can be given the maximum amount of time to adjust efficiently. The chain is then managed to make sure that products  flow as quickly as possible down the chain to replenish what few stocks are kept downstream. By contrast, responsive supply chain policy stresses high service levels and responsive supply to the end-customer. The inventory in the network will be deployed as closely as possible to the customer. In this way, the chain can still supply even when dramatic changes occur in customer demand. Fast throughput from the upstream parts of the chain will still be needed to replenish downstream stocks. But those downstream stocks are needed to ensure high levels of availability to end-customers. 9 The bullwhip effect The ‘bullwhip effect’, is used to describe how a small disturbance at the downstream end of a supply chain causes increasingly large disturbances, errors, inaccuracies and volatility as it works its way upstream. Its main cause is an understandable desire by the different links in the supply chain to manage their production rates and inventory levels sensibly. Miscommunication in the supply chain Whenever two operations in a supply chain arrange for one to provide products or services to the other, there is the potential for misunderstanding and miscommunication. This may be caused simply by not being sufficiently clear about what a customer expects or what a supplier is capable of delivering. There may also be more subtle reasons stemming from differences in perception of seemingly clear agreements. The effect is analogous to the children’s game of ‘Chinese whispers’. The first child whispers a message to the next child who, whether he or she has heard it clearly or not, whispers an interpretation to the next child, and so on. The more children the message passes between, the more distorted it tends to become. The last child says out loud what the message is, and the children are amused by the distortion of the original message. Reducing bullwhip effect Reduce lead time Information sharing One of the reasons for the fluctuations in output described in the example earlier was that each operation in the chain reacted to the orders placed by  its immediate customer. None of the operations had an overview of what was happening throughout the chain. If information had been available and shared throughout the chain, it is unlikely that such wild fluctuations would have occurred. It is sensible therefore to try to transmit information throughout the chain so that all the operations can monitor true demand, free of these distortions. An obvious improvement is to make information on end-customer demand available to upstream operations. Inventory pooling Stable prices 10 time compression One of the most important approaches to improving the operational efficiency of supply chains is known as time compression. This means speeding up the flow of materials down the chain and the flow of information back up the chain. The supply chain dynamics effect was due partly to the slowness of information moving back up the chain.

Louise Erdrichs Tracks Essays -- Louise Erdrich Tracks Essays

Louise Erdrich's Tracks   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In Louise Erdrich’s â€Å"Tracks';, the readers discovers by the second chapter that there are two narrators, Nanapush and Pauline Puyat. This method of having two narrators telling their stories alternately could be at first confusing, especially if the readers hasn’t been briefed about it or hasn’t read a synopsis of it. Traditionally, there is one narrator in the story, but Erdrich does an effective and spectacular job in combining Nanapush and Pauline’s stories. It is so well written that one might question as he or she reads who is the principal character in this story? Being that there are two narrators, is it Nanapush, the first narrator, him being a participant in the story, who tells his story in the â€Å"I'; form? Or is it Pauline, the second narrator, who also narrates in the â€Å"I'; form? Upon further reading, the motive for both narrators’ stories become more evident, and by the end of the book, it becomes clea r that one character is the driving force for both of the narrators’ stories. This central character is Fleur Pillager. She in fact is the protagonist of â€Å"Tracks';. Even though she is limited in dialogues, her actions speak more than words itself.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Structurally speaking, Fleur is mentioned in every chapter of the book, either being referred to by the two narrators or being part of the story. In fact, after researching the novel several times, no other character including the two narrators is consistently mentioned in every chapter. In the first chapter, Nanapush tells Lulu, his granddaughter, about the fate of the Chippewa Tribe. He then spends most of the chapter discussing the beginning of Fleur, who is Lulu’s mother, and how he saved her life. In the second chapter, Pauline, the second narrator, begins her story gossiping about Fleur to an unknown listener in detail. Pauline continues to focus her story on Fleur’s life, discussing in length of incidents about her. Pauline’s obsessive behavior becomes more evident when she’s in Argus with Fleur. â€Å"Since that night (in Argus), [Fleur] puts me in the closet, I was no longer jealous or afraid of her, but follow her close as Ru ssell (Pauline’s cousin), closer, stayed with her, became her moving shadow that the men never noticed†¦'; (22).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Therefore, in these two chapters both narrators set the stage for telling their stories on their account of Fleur. Not o... ...med to gain attention by telling odd tales that created damage" (39). Her presence to him is more like a pesky fly that won’t go away. It is this lack of attention by others in which drives Pauline to tell her story.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Looking back at the atom theory stated earlier, if we exclude Nanapush and his story from â€Å"Tracks';, what we have left is Pauline’s obsession with Fleur. In Pauline’s eyes, as well as others, Fleur is good- looking, mysteriously powerful and dangerous. In contrast to her who is â€Å"a skinny, big-nosed girl with staring eyes'; who is also so â€Å"poor-looking'; (15). Pauline notices these differences and in effect becomes jealous of Fleur because of all the attention she receives from people. She sees herself in â€Å"competition'; with Fleur. At first, Pauline just wants to be close to Fleur, but by the end she wants to be â€Å"better'; than her. Within her story, the argument that Pauline is the protagonist and that Fleur is her antagonist could be valid, but if you look at the novel in its entirety, meaning the structure and content, the principal character that emerges from it is Fleur Pillager.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Work Cited Erdrich, Louise. Tracks New York: Harper & Row, 1988

Apache Case Study

Apache Metals, Inc. Definition of the problem: The main causes of the Apache is having are as follows: 1- The late interfering of the Project manager â€Å"after the contract is signed† 2- The project leaders have 10 projects which make them: a. Over loaded, b. Cannot interact with the client directly c. Cannot follow up coordination problems d. Cannot have time to suggest or modify the end product according to quality or client requirements e. Cannot control cost over run – Due to the miss communications with the client Apache should have lost many opportunities for new work The new approach Apache was taking can help Apache to have a good project managers but major points should be taken into consideration in developing the new company methodology: 1- Giving authorities to the project managers to control costs 2- Training and authorizing the PMs to work as a company representative to make deals for new work with the same client 3- PMs should be aware of the full proce ss of the manufacturing of the product The PMs should have experience: – The product Manufacture 2- The business development 3- Customer satisfaction 4- Cost Control 5- Project planning and Monitoring 6- Risk management To fulfill all the above the company culture should be modified to be project based so there is team for each project guided by the project manager and the team / PM will be rewarded for the savings or panelized for the cost overrun. The project managers should be required to bring in a fixed amount of contracts to achieve a yearly target preset by the management for their job secure and bonus.IN order to achieve excellency we should allow for a full life cycle for each PM giving him the full authority guided and supported by the company management and then monitor the cost and time impact. By the end of full 3 cycles (the time 3 full project take place) a decision should be taken by the management taking into consideration: 1- The cost and time impact for the 3 cycles 2- The performance of the project managers 3- The quality of the products 4- Client satisfaction 5- New work which came in due to these pilot projects The decision should be a clear methodology of how Apache should run from now on.

The benefits of Facebook Network

Nowadays social networks are so advanced in various ways; we then can communicate with friends easily on the internet. Social networks are well-known for everyone in the world who lives far away from each others in different countries. There are many programs we can use for communication, including Google, Hotmail, G-mail, Yahoo, Hi5, MSN, Skype, Facebook, and etc. At the moment, Facebook is so popular for most people especially teenagers. Using the Facebook has lots of benefits for everyone who loves making friends through networks. Firstly, Facebook has a lot of functions that is very popular and interesting nowadays. It’s like a friendship book. If you use Facebook, you can make your own profile. You also can find your old friends when you were at a primary or high school on Facebook networks by using only their names or their E-mail addresses. In addition, you can share your pictures or video clips to your friends on Facebook networks. You can post your messages you want on your Facebook wall. You can chat online realtime with your friends on Facebook. If you want to comment on your friend’s pictures, friend’s messages or friend’s video clips, you can do it easily. And your other friends can share their opinions and ideas with you. Facebook thus has many good choices for you to make friends on this particular social network. Secondly, the Facebook is outstanding for multifunction using. The Facebook is excellent for playing games with your friends even living apart from each other. There are various kinds of flash games you can enjoy and build up your own creative world. The News walls and activities can be created on the Facebook in order to share information and invite your friends or groups to participate corporately and creatively. Now, let’s ask yourself whether you are an enjoyable person with games and activities or not, if the answer is yes, the Facebook is then the suitable social network for you. Lastly, using the Facebook is good opportunities to learn languages, cultures, and business in the global networks. The Facebook network has more than 400 million users around the world, and it is growing everyday that helps the members to exchange languages and cultures while chatting or posting messages on the wall. And also you can learn slang words from the network such as HMU (Hit me up), Brb (Be right back) and etc. The Facebook will also be served as the business purposes by posting product pictures or advertisements on the Fan page. The Facebook network then helps us to learn other cultures, languages, and business without direct interaction to each others. Using the Facebook has various benefits for everyone. The Facebook has many good choices for you to make friends on this particular social network. If you are an enjoyable person with games and activities, the Facebook is the suitable social network for you. The Facebook network is the cheapest way to learn other cultures, languages, and business. Using the Facebook is more advantage than other old social networks.

Global Financial Crisis Causes and Impacts

Global Financial Crisis Causes and Impacts Introduction Global financial crisis is described as the extensive economic disaster that started in the United States in 2007. Starting with the collapse of the American financial system, the economic emergency rapidly spread to other countries in the world. Interrelated markets of the current global trading systems were the major cause of the rapid spread of the financial crisis.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Global Financial Crisis Causes and Impacts specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More After a number of years since the first occurrence of the crisis, it is still not possible to explain fully the impact of the global financial crisis because the economic emergency keeps on hindering and destroying global markets (Gelos, 2009, p. 15). A number of factors caused the concurrent crush of the housing system, financial markets, and the banking industry in America. Even though the causes of the crisis are still debated, th is occurrence spread out almost immediately into the international market. Usually, the United States plays an influential role in global financial industries and stock trading. This means that the crush caused a destructive impact both within America and in countries all over the world. The extensive effects of the economic crisis began late in 2007 at the time when prices of fuel and food started increasing globally. Factors that some years before seemed minor like increases in prices of fertilizers started to destroy crop industries and the importation of food in developing economies (Gelos, 2009, p. 17). In 2008 as the financial crisis in America intensified, financial institutions like banks strove to decrease their spending mainly in foreign investments. This deepened the worldwide emergency because many countries depended a lot on the foreign investment of the United States for the survival of their economies. Global governance The outstanding increase in global integration r ecently has largely overwhelmed the ability of global governance. The deepening of globalization has led to an increase in insufficiency of organizations and policies responsible for global governance. This was evident in the global financial crisis and its harsh effects which are still ongoing. The speed and frequency with which economic emergencies from one nation and spread to other countries shows the significance of sufficiently strengthening financial organizations to make sure that they are able to take fast, remedial and effective measures.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Improvement in global economic governance is the main factor in renewing the prevailing dialogue in global political economy (Crotty, 2009, p. 563). Many national economic policies which are cost effective work partly because they benefit other nations but a majority of the policies are on ly possible if they are also adopted by other nations. The IMF has argued that the main cause of the global financial crisis was inadequate regulation of the financial system combined with lack of market discipline. Global imbalances alone could not have led to the crisis without the capability of financial organizations to create new tools and mechanisms to take care of the demand for higher incomes by investors. The tools eventually became more risky than excepted (Crotty, 2009, p. 564). However, many of the investors relied on the analysis on credits by various agencies thus failing to conduct prior examination of the assets despite their optimism in the increased prices. This was considered one of the major causes of the economic crisis. The biggest role in the crisis was however, played by flawed and ineffective financial regulation which is also called the shadow banking system. The highly interconnected but loosely regulated network of hedge funds, investment banks and mortga ge sector was not subjected to prudential regulation. They were not regulated because they were never seen as systematically significant like banks (Crotty, 2009, p. 565). Their lack of regulation made it further attractive for banks to elude capital investments by making these entities take all the risk. Over time, this institution network became very large and became systematically vital. By the end of 2007, the assets of bank-like organizations in the United States that were not prudentially regulated were estimated$10 trillion, almost equal to the assets of the regulated banking system of America (Crotty, 2009, p. 566). Financial problems that began in the United States in 2007 rapidly spilled over to other countries around the globe to cause the harshest global financial crisis and collapse from the time of the Great Depression. The global implications of the crisis were totally unpredicted and have forced a reconsideration of global financial connections. Even though global ex posure could have offered a bit of insurance by way of constructive wealth transmission for some economies at the time of the crisis, global exposure played a destructive role by enabling the crisis to rapidly spread from the American housing market to the larger American economy and then to other countries (Porter, 2011, p. 9).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Global Financial Crisis Causes and Impacts specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More These economic shortcomings may have been prevented by extensive regulation of the financial sector. Because financiers will always find a way of evading regulations proposed, global governance could have implemented its proposed regulations and action taken against market players who go against the regulations. Banks The world quickly moved from the global savings glut to an abrupt contraction in international liquidity. Shocks are enlarged and spread faster when leverage exists. In e arly 2000s, there was a considerable build up in leverage of big American commercial banks and global investment banks (Shin, 2009, p. 101). Although commercial banks may not seem to have problems with leverage levels before the financial crisis began, when the crisis started, internationally active banks played a very crucial role in the spread of shocks globally. A channel of this connection is the way in which these banks control liquidity throughout the whole banking association. Banks can transmit shocks globally by managing their liquidity throughout foreign linkages, dealings with international banking linkages, and through the global lending decisions. Banking crises and recessions have adverse impact on the creation of new relations however; all banks or all nations do not experience the same effects. The 2007 crisis showed this pattern and had huge negative effect on the creation of new connections in the international network of banks. The financial crisis made banks very cautious when lending and this meant that new relationships were not made. Banks helped in the rapid spreading of the crisis through reduced lending (Shin, 2009, p. 104). This had the impact of lessening international liquidity and also with the vital role played by banks in the United States to supply dollars, reduced lending led to an international shortage of dollar liquidity. The Federal Reserve in collaboration with other central banks injected dollars to respond to the crisis. Investors As banks limited lending and liquidity throughout borders, at the same time investors cut their capital flows in foreign markets. During the financial crisis, changes in international liquidity, crisis occurrences, and risk had a large impact on capital flows during the crisis. These effects were very varied in all nations but with a big part of this variation described by disparities in the strength of macro-economic fundamentals, country risk, and quality of home organizations. Fund managers and fund investors also played a role in the spreading of the crisis across countries. The volatility of mutual fund investments is motivated by fund managers and investors through which injections into each fund and changes in management in national cash and weights (Rogoff, 2008, p. 2).Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Managers as well as investors react to national crises, returns and change their investments significantly in reaction to the economic occurrences like the global financial crisis. The behavior of both managers and investors is somewhat cyclical because they pull out of countries in undesirable times and increase their exposures in the countries when economic conditions improve. This means that investors in mutual funds are a vessel through which financial crisis of 2007 spread rapidly across nations in their portfolio leading to a global financial crisis (Rogoff, 2008, p. 3). Real linkages These could also be the channel through which the financial crisis rapidly spread globally. For instance, majority of Asian countries were not exposed to the subprime and housing markets of the United States and therefore, such economies had weaker connections with America through investment and direct bank relationships (Fidrmuc, 2010, p. 293). These Asian economies however still suffered harsh reduction of output in 2008 and 2009. The financial crisis had a larger undesirable effect on companies with larger sensitivity to trade and demand especially in economies that are more open to trade. Financial openness however, appeared to have made a minimal difference. This indicates that real channels of transfer through the impact of aggregate demand and trade flows played a significant role in spreading the global financial crisis. Conclusion The financial crisis may act as medium for transformation in global governance and may signify a change from the traditional economic system. The global financial crisis has helped in revealing the big gap between international economic order and structures of governance in modern times (Helleiner, 2009, p. 17). Many emerging economies such as China have been attaining rising political and economic significance but are not equally represented in crucial institutions. Even though the reaction to the crisis has largely been on the financial system, more attention needs to be paid to monetary issues as well as the world trade. A debate has been ongoing about whether informal institutions such as the G20 or the G8 should really play a role in transforming the authority and governance of global financial organizations. G20 may not be fully justifiable in its present embodiment to succeed in this duty; in fact by just growing present IFI and doing nothing to change them poses a risk of dependency and the maintenance of business as usual. Global governance is very important in a situation where trade exists. The development of trade administration will have to take into consideration the present stresses placed upon it by economic growth and sustainability questions brought about by the financial crisis. Global governance needs to reform if it aims at meeting global economic objectives and react to challenges (Helleiner, 2009, p. 16). The main role of global governance is managing the international economy by considering t he views and interests of all players and not just the G7 views. References List Crotty, J 2009 ‘Structural causes of the global financial crisis’, Cambridge journal of economics, vol. 33 p. no. 4, pp. 563-566. Gelos, G 2009 ‘The global crisis: explaining cross-country differences in output impact’, Social science research network, vol. 23 no. 4, pp. 15-17. Helleiner, E 2009 ‘Regulation and fragmentation in internal financial government special forum: crisis and the future of global financial governance’, Global governance, vol. 15 no. 1, pp. 16-21. Porter, M 2011 ‘Managing in the new global economy’, Harvard business school, vol. 2 no. 2, pp. 7 12. Rogoff, K 2008 ‘Is the 2007 U.S subprime financial crisis so different’, The national bureau of economic research, vol. 2 no. 1, pp. 2-3. Shin, H 2009 ‘Reflection of the northern rock: the bank run that heralded the global financial crisis’, Journal of economi c perspectives, vol. 23 no. 1, pp. 101-104. Fidrmuc, J (2010) ‘The impact of the global financial crisis on business cycles in Asian emerging economies’, journal of Asian economics, vol. 21 no. 3, pp. 293 – 312.

American workforce

The behavioral component means the tendency to take negative actions against a particular group. The behavior stems form attitudes and feelings which constitute prejudice. Although prejudice is generally negative it is not as damaging as discrimination. The behavior component makes it possible to make the thoughts become real. Research has found that discrimination in any form is detrimental to the well being of the discriminated individual (Mathis Jackson, 2004). The workplace is the place in which the employee comes to work on his tasks and to carry out his profession. If the workplace is non-discriminatory, the employee is more likely to work effectively and efficiently and to increase productivity and performance as well. The most common methods employed by organizations to ensure that their work environment is non-discriminatory are to conduct sensitivity trainings, to provide provisions for grievances and complaints of discriminatory behavior and to follow non-discriminatory guidelines in terms of hiring, selection and promotions. Sensitivity trainings are common in most organizations especially if the company is culturally diverse as well as sexual orientation, disability and religion. The advantages of using sensitivity trainings to make employees become aware of the prejudices and discrimination they may have for other people and teaches the employees how to change their thoughts about minority groups in an experiential manner. It also communicates to each employee that an individual is a person in his/her own right and should be respected as such, and not be accorded respect based on one’s race, religion or sex. The disadvantage in using this method is that if  employees do not have a positive attitude towards the training then this would surely limit their capacity to learn from the sessions. Moreover, sensitivity trainings are periodically given and is not reinforced thus limiting its effectiveness. The provisions for grievances and complaints communicate to the employees that discrimination will not be tolerated by the management. It is effective as a control mechanism to lessen discrimination in the workplace and make the employees become cautious of their behavior. This method does not really ensure that the workplace would be discrimination free since it does not teach the employees why discrimination is wrong. It only holds people accountable for their actions, although it gives the employees who belong to the minority group comfort. Besides, discrimination may come in subtle forms and not even many employees who are victims of discrimination will file a complaint for fear of repercussions in terms of inter-office politics. Hiring, selection and promotion of employees based on merit and performance is a non-discriminatory principle to ensure that people become part of the organization based on criteria that can be achieved by most people. The difficulty with this measure is that although it is an objective measure, subjectivity is still present. It is common knowledge that when it comes to promotions and even selecting candidates for the job a certain amount of subjectivity that cannot be monitored by a guideline. It also does not consider that mangers may have their own prejudices which may dictate their decisions on hiring and promotion. References Bohlander, G. Snell, S. (2003). Managing Human Resources 13th ed., South-Western College Publication Fitzenz, J. (2001). How to Measure Human Resource Management 3rd. ed , New York; McGraw-Hill Mathis, R. Jackson, J. (2004). Human Resource Management 11th ed., South-Western College Publication American Workforce

AI Week 13 Eye moving DB 153 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

AI Week 13 Eye moving DB 153 - Essay Example Various governments have limited fiscal budgets and pressure (Feldstein, 2011). This is because it has to take care for the health of the aging population. Shifting the cost to the public only increases the level of taxes and affects the finances of various households. Such costs could be unsustainable for the lower and average income earners. There are disparities in the level of income for different household individuals. The public consists of a majority of average income earners. If the cost of health care for high-risk employees shifts to the public, then high-income earners should make the biggest contribution. Genetic factors cause most affected employees to inherit some chronic diseases. Such health care plans make the employees feel some form of discrimination from their employers. Employers should treat all the employees with equality regardless of their health background. The employers should instead make health care policies affordable for all the employees. Relevant authorities need to regulate insurance companies in the creation of their health care policies (Feldstein, 2011). The regulations should require the companies to provide insurance covers at normal charges. The employees should seek routine checkups from their healthcare providers to put their condition under control. The employers should avoid any form of discrimination in the determination of the health benefits. Shifting the public health care cost to the public could be unfair for both low and average income